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The Yamuna River Basin accounts for about 7.10% of the country’s total geographical area. The Yamuna River finally merges with the River Ganges at the sacred Triveni Sangam near the city of Allahabad (Prayagraj).
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After exiting Delhi, the river entirely flows within the State of Uttar Pradesh, through some of its major cities like Mathura, Agra, Firozabad, Etawah, and Hamirpur. The Yamuna River then flows along the boundary between the states of Haryana and Uttar Pradesh and enters the National Capital Territory of Delhi. Here, the Hathni Kund Barrage diverts the waters of the river into two large canals, namely the Western Yamuna Canal (which flows towards Haryana) and the Eastern Yamuna Canal (which flows towards Uttar Pradesh). The Yamuna River then passes through the holy town of Paonta Sahib in Himachal Pradesh and reaches the Yamuna Nagar District in the Indian State of Haryana. At the Asan Barrage, the Yamuna is joined by the Asan River. The Dakpathar Barrage helps in diverting the river water into the East Yamuna Canal for hydroelectric power generation.
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The Yamuna River then descends on the plains of the Doon Valley. Some other tributaries of the River Yamuna that also joins the river in its upper course include Rishi Ganga, Hanuman Ganga, Bata, Giri, and Kunta rivers. The Tons River is the biggest and the most extensive tributary of the River Yamuna, which joins the Yamuna, near Dehradun, the capital and largest city of the Indian state of Uttarakhand. A large part of the river’s upper catchment area is drained by the Tons River. The steep upper catchment area of the Yamuna basin contains many geomorphic features which include steep rock benches, interlocking spurs, large terraces, and gorges.